feat: zero-config Java projects + smart ReplayHelper for end-to-end optimization

.github/workflows/e2e-java-tracer.yaml

@@ -3,17 +3,9 @@ name: E2E - Java Tracer
 on:
   pull_request:
     paths:
-      - 'codeflash/languages/java/**'
-      - 'codeflash/languages/base.py'
-      - 'codeflash/languages/registry.py'
-      - 'codeflash/tracer.py'
-      - 'codeflash/benchmarking/function_ranker.py'
-      - 'codeflash/discovery/functions_to_optimize.py'
-      - 'codeflash/optimization/**'
-      - 'codeflash/verification/**'
+      - 'codeflash/**'
       - 'codeflash-java-runtime/**'
-      - 'tests/test_languages/fixtures/java_tracer_e2e/**'
-      - 'tests/scripts/end_to_end_test_java_tracer.py'
+      - 'tests/**'
       - '.github/workflows/e2e-java-tracer.yaml'
 
   workflow_dispatch:

codeflash-java-runtime/src/main/java/com/codeflash/ReplayHelper.java

@@ -12,20 +12,181 @@
 
 public class ReplayHelper {
 
-    private final Connection db;
+    private final Connection traceDb;
+
+    // Codeflash instrumentation state — read from environment variables once
+    private final String mode;           // "behavior", "performance", or null
+    private final int loopIndex;
+    private final String testIteration;
+    private final String outputFile;     // SQLite path for behavior capture
+    private final int innerIterations;   // for performance looping
+
+    // Behavior mode: lazily opened SQLite connection for writing results
+    private Connection behaviorDb;
+    private boolean behaviorDbInitialized;
 
     public ReplayHelper(String traceDbPath) {
         try {
-            this.db = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:" + traceDbPath);
+            this.traceDb = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:" + traceDbPath);
         } catch (SQLException e) {
             throw new RuntimeException("Failed to open trace database: " + traceDbPath, e);
         }
+
+        // Read codeflash instrumentation env vars (set by the test runner)
+        this.mode = System.getenv("CODEFLASH_MODE");
+        this.loopIndex = parseIntEnv("CODEFLASH_LOOP_INDEX", 1);
+        this.testIteration = getEnvOrDefault("CODEFLASH_TEST_ITERATION", "0");
+        this.outputFile = System.getenv("CODEFLASH_OUTPUT_FILE");
+        this.innerIterations = parseIntEnv("CODEFLASH_INNER_ITERATIONS", 10);
     }
 
     public void replay(String className, String methodName, String descriptor, int invocationIndex) throws Exception {
-        // Query the function_calls table for this method at the given index
+        // Deserialize args and resolve method (done once, outside timing)
+        Object[] allArgs = loadArgs(className, methodName, descriptor, invocationIndex);
+        Class<?> targetClass = Class.forName(className);
+
+        Type[] paramTypes = Type.getArgumentTypes(descriptor);
+        Class<?>[] paramClasses = new Class<?>[paramTypes.length];
+        for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.length; i++) {
+            paramClasses[i] = typeToClass(paramTypes[i]);
+        }
+
+        Method method = targetClass.getDeclaredMethod(methodName, paramClasses);
+        method.setAccessible(true);
+        boolean isStatic = Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers());
+
+        Object instance = null;
+        if (!isStatic) {
+            try {
+                java.lang.reflect.Constructor<?> ctor = targetClass.getDeclaredConstructor();
+                ctor.setAccessible(true);
+                instance = ctor.newInstance();
+            } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
+                instance = new org.objenesis.ObjenesisStd().newInstance(targetClass);
+            }
+        }
+
+        // Get the calling test method name from the stack trace
+        String testMethodName = getCallingTestMethodName();
+        // Module name = the test class that called us
+        String testClassName = getCallingTestClassName();
+
+        if ("behavior".equals(mode)) {
+            replayBehavior(method, instance, allArgs, className, methodName, testClassName, testMethodName);
+        } else if ("performance".equals(mode)) {
+            replayPerformance(method, instance, allArgs, className, methodName, testClassName, testMethodName);
+        } else {
+            // No codeflash mode — just invoke (trace-only or manual testing)
+            method.invoke(instance, allArgs);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void replayBehavior(Method method, Object instance, Object[] args,
+                                 String className, String methodName,
+                                 String testClassName, String testMethodName) throws Exception {
+        // testIteration goes at the END so the Comparator's lastUnderscore stripping
+        // removes it, making baseline (iteration=0) and candidate (iteration=N) keys match.
+        String invId = testMethodName + "_" + testIteration;
+
+        // Print start marker (same format as behavior instrumentation)
+        System.out.println("!$######" + testClassName + ":" + testClassName + "." + testMethodName
+                + ":" + methodName + ":" + loopIndex + ":" + invId + "######$!");
+
+        long startNs = System.nanoTime();
+        Object result;
+        try {
+            result = method.invoke(instance, args);
+        } catch (java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException e) {
+            throw (Exception) e.getCause();
+        }
+        long durationNs = System.nanoTime() - startNs;
+
+        // Print end marker
+        System.out.println("!######" + testClassName + ":" + testClassName + "." + testMethodName
+                + ":" + methodName + ":" + loopIndex + ":" + invId + ":" + durationNs + "######!");
+
+        // Write return value to SQLite for correctness comparison
+        if (outputFile != null && !outputFile.isEmpty()) {
+            writeBehaviorResult(testClassName, testMethodName, methodName, invId, durationNs, result);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void replayPerformance(Method method, Object instance, Object[] args,
+                                    String className, String methodName,
+                                    String testClassName, String testMethodName) throws Exception {
+        // Performance mode: run inner loop for JIT warmup, print timing for each iteration
+        int maxInner = innerIterations;
+        for (int inner = 0; inner < maxInner; inner++) {
+            int loopId = (loopIndex - 1) * maxInner + inner;
+            String invId = testMethodName;
+
+            // Print start marker
+            System.out.println("!$######" + testClassName + ":" + testClassName + "." + testMethodName
+                    + ":" + methodName + ":" + loopId + ":" + invId + "######$!");
+
+            long startNs = System.nanoTime();
+            try {
+                method.invoke(instance, args);
+            } catch (java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException e) {
+                // Swallow — performance mode doesn't check correctness
+            }
+            long durationNs = System.nanoTime() - startNs;
+
+            // Print end marker
+            System.out.println("!######" + testClassName + ":" + testClassName + "." + testMethodName
+                    + ":" + methodName + ":" + loopId + ":" + invId + ":" + durationNs + "######!");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void writeBehaviorResult(String testClassName, String testMethodName,
+                                      String functionName, String invId,
+                                      long durationNs, Object result) {
+        try {
+            ensureBehaviorDb();
+            String sql = "INSERT INTO test_results VALUES (?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?, ?)";
+            try (PreparedStatement ps = behaviorDb.prepareStatement(sql)) {
+                ps.setString(1, testClassName);              // test_module_path
+                ps.setString(2, testClassName);              // test_class_name
+                ps.setString(3, testMethodName);             // test_function_name
+                ps.setString(4, functionName);               // function_getting_tested
+                ps.setInt(5, loopIndex);                     // loop_index
+                ps.setString(6, invId);                      // iteration_id
+                ps.setLong(7, durationNs);                   // runtime
+                ps.setBytes(8, serializeResult(result));     // return_value
+                ps.setString(9, "function_call");            // verification_type
+                ps.executeUpdate();
+            }
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            System.err.println("ReplayHelper: SQLite behavior write error: " + e.getMessage());
+        }
+    }
+
+    private void ensureBehaviorDb() throws SQLException {
+        if (behaviorDbInitialized) return;
+        behaviorDbInitialized = true;
+        behaviorDb = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:sqlite:" + outputFile);
+        try (java.sql.Statement stmt = behaviorDb.createStatement()) {
+            stmt.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS test_results (" +
+                    "test_module_path TEXT, test_class_name TEXT, test_function_name TEXT, " +
+                    "function_getting_tested TEXT, loop_index INTEGER, iteration_id TEXT, " +
+                    "runtime INTEGER, return_value BLOB, verification_type TEXT)");
+        }
+    }
+
+    private byte[] serializeResult(Object result) {
+        if (result == null) return null;
+        try {
+            return Serializer.serialize(result);
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            // Fall back to String.valueOf if Kryo fails
+            return String.valueOf(result).getBytes(java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets.UTF_8);
+        }
+    }
+
+    private Object[] loadArgs(String className, String methodName, String descriptor, int invocationIndex)
+            throws SQLException {
         byte[] argsBlob;
-        try (PreparedStatement stmt = db.prepareStatement(
+        try (PreparedStatement stmt = traceDb.prepareStatement(
                 "SELECT args FROM function_calls " +
                 "WHERE classname = ? AND function = ? AND descriptor = ? " +
                 "ORDER BY time_ns LIMIT 1 OFFSET ?")) {
@@ -43,46 +204,35 @@ public void replay(String className, String methodName, String descriptor, int i
             }
         }
 
-        // Deserialize args
         Object deserialized = Serializer.deserialize(argsBlob);
         if (!(deserialized instanceof Object[])) {
             throw new RuntimeException("Deserialized args is not Object[], got: "
                     + (deserialized == null ? "null" : deserialized.getClass().getName()));
         }
-        Object[] allArgs = (Object[]) deserialized;
-
-        // Load the target class
-        Class<?> targetClass = Class.forName(className);
+        return (Object[]) deserialized;
+    }
 
-        // Parse descriptor to find parameter types
-        Type[] paramTypes = Type.getArgumentTypes(descriptor);
-        Class<?>[] paramClasses = new Class<?>[paramTypes.length];
-        for (int i = 0; i < paramTypes.length; i++) {
-            paramClasses[i] = typeToClass(paramTypes[i]);
+    private static String getCallingTestMethodName() {
+        StackTraceElement[] stack = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+        // Walk up: [0]=getStackTrace, [1]=this method, [2]=replay(), [3]=calling test method
+        for (int i = 3; i < stack.length; i++) {
+            String method = stack[i].getMethodName();
+            if (method.startsWith("replay_")) {
+                return method;
+            }
         }
+        return stack.length > 3 ? stack[3].getMethodName() : "unknown";
+    }
 
-        // Find the method
-        Method method = targetClass.getDeclaredMethod(methodName, paramClasses);
-        method.setAccessible(true);
-
-        boolean isStatic = Modifier.isStatic(method.getModifiers());
-
-        if (isStatic) {
-            method.invoke(null, allArgs);
-        } else {
-            // Args contain only explicit parameters (no 'this').
-            // Create a default instance via no-arg constructor or Kryo.
-            Object instance;
-            try {
-                java.lang.reflect.Constructor<?> ctor = targetClass.getDeclaredConstructor();
-                ctor.setAccessible(true);
-                instance = ctor.newInstance();
-            } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
-                // Fall back to Objenesis instantiation (no constructor needed)
-                instance = new org.objenesis.ObjenesisStd().newInstance(targetClass);
+    private static String getCallingTestClassName() {
+        StackTraceElement[] stack = Thread.currentThread().getStackTrace();
+        for (int i = 3; i < stack.length; i++) {
+            String cls = stack[i].getClassName();
+            if (cls.contains("ReplayTest") || cls.contains("replay")) {
+                return cls;
             }
-            method.invoke(instance, allArgs);
         }
+        return stack.length > 3 ? stack[3].getClassName() : "unknown";
     }
 
     private static Class<?> typeToClass(Type type) throws ClassNotFoundException {
@@ -106,11 +256,23 @@ private static Class<?> typeToClass(Type type) throws ClassNotFoundException {
         }
     }
 
+    private static int parseIntEnv(String name, int defaultValue) {
+        String val = System.getenv(name);
+        if (val == null || val.isEmpty()) return defaultValue;
+        try { return Integer.parseInt(val); } catch (NumberFormatException e) { return defaultValue; }
+    }
+
+    private static String getEnvOrDefault(String name, String defaultValue) {
+        String val = System.getenv(name);
+        return (val != null && !val.isEmpty()) ? val : defaultValue;
+    }
+
     public void close() {
-        try {
-            if (db != null) db.close();
-        } catch (SQLException e) {
-            System.err.println("Error closing ReplayHelper: " + e.getMessage());
+        try { if (traceDb != null) traceDb.close(); } catch (SQLException e) {
+            System.err.println("Error closing ReplayHelper trace db: " + e.getMessage());
+        }
+        try { if (behaviorDb != null) behaviorDb.close(); } catch (SQLException e) {
+            System.err.println("Error closing ReplayHelper behavior db: " + e.getMessage());
         }
     }
 }

codeflash-java-runtime/src/main/java/com/codeflash/tracer/TraceRecorder.java

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ public final class TraceRecorder {
     private final TracerConfig config;
     private final TraceWriter writer;
     private final ConcurrentHashMap<String, AtomicInteger> functionCounts = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
+    private final AtomicInteger droppedCaptures = new AtomicInteger(0);
     private final int maxFunctionCount;
     private final ExecutorService serializerExecutor;
 
@@ -82,11 +83,13 @@ private void onEntryImpl(String className, String methodName, String descriptor,
             argsBlob = future.get(SERIALIZATION_TIMEOUT_MS, TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS);
         } catch (TimeoutException e) {
             future.cancel(true);
+            droppedCaptures.incrementAndGet();
             System.err.println("[codeflash-tracer] Serialization timed out for " + className + "."
                     + methodName);
             return;
         } catch (Exception e) {
             Throwable cause = e.getCause() != null ? e.getCause() : e;
+            droppedCaptures.incrementAndGet();
             System.err.println("[codeflash-tracer] Serialization failed for " + className + "."
                     + methodName + ": " + cause.getClass().getSimpleName() + ": " + cause.getMessage());
             return;
@@ -113,11 +116,15 @@ public void flush() {
         }
         metadata.put("totalCaptures", String.valueOf(totalCaptures));
 
+        int dropped = droppedCaptures.get();
+        metadata.put("droppedCaptures", String.valueOf(dropped));
+
         writer.writeMetadata(metadata);
         writer.flush();
         writer.close();
 
         System.err.println("[codeflash-tracer] Captured " + totalCaptures
-                + " invocations across " + functionCounts.size() + " methods");
+                + " invocations across " + functionCounts.size() + " methods"
+                + (dropped > 0 ? " (" + dropped + " dropped due to serialization timeout/failure)" : ""));
     }
 }

codeflash-java-runtime/src/main/java/com/codeflash/tracer/TracingClassVisitor.java

@@ -4,14 +4,20 @@
 import org.objectweb.asm.MethodVisitor;
 import org.objectweb.asm.Opcodes;
 
+import java.util.Collections;
+import java.util.Map;
+
 public class TracingClassVisitor extends ClassVisitor {
 
     private final String internalClassName;
+    private final Map<String, Integer> methodLineNumbers;
     private String sourceFile;
 
-    public TracingClassVisitor(ClassVisitor classVisitor, String internalClassName) {
+    public TracingClassVisitor(ClassVisitor classVisitor, String internalClassName,
+                               Map<String, Integer> methodLineNumbers) {
         super(Opcodes.ASM9, classVisitor);
         this.internalClassName = internalClassName;
+        this.methodLineNumbers = methodLineNumbers != null ? methodLineNumbers : Collections.emptyMap();
     }
 
     @Override
@@ -37,7 +43,8 @@ public MethodVisitor visitMethod(int access, String name, String descriptor,
             return mv;
         }
 
+        int lineNumber = methodLineNumbers.getOrDefault(name + descriptor, 0);
         return new TracingMethodAdapter(mv, access, name, descriptor,
-                internalClassName, 0, sourceFile != null ? sourceFile : "");
+                internalClassName, lineNumber, sourceFile != null ? sourceFile : "");
     }
 }