diff --git a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/compare_types.rs b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/compare_types.rs
index ad958c1f282e7..35e2b38e1ab55 100644
--- a/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/compare_types.rs
+++ b/compiler/rustc_const_eval/src/util/compare_types.rs
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 use rustc_infer::infer::TyCtxtInferExt;
 use rustc_middle::traits::ObligationCause;
-use rustc_middle::ty::{Ty, TyCtxt, TypingEnv, Unnormalized, Variance};
+use rustc_middle::ty::{self, Ty, TyCtxt, TypingEnv, Unnormalized, Variance};
 use rustc_trait_selection::traits::ObligationCtxt;
 
 /// Returns whether `src` is a subtype of `dest`, i.e. `src <: dest`.
@@ -43,5 +43,10 @@ pub fn relate_types<'tcx>(
         Ok(()) => {}
         Err(_) => return false,
     };
-    ocx.evaluate_obligations_error_on_ambiguity().is_empty()
+
+    if ocx.evaluate_obligations_error_on_ambiguity().is_empty() {
+        infcx.leak_check(ty::UniverseIndex::ROOT, None).is_ok()
+    } else {
+        false
+    }
 }
diff --git a/tests/ui/consts/const-eval/equal-up-to-leak-check-different-layout.rs b/tests/ui/consts/const-eval/equal-up-to-leak-check-different-layout.rs
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000000..e986c2a80a53f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ui/consts/const-eval/equal-up-to-leak-check-different-layout.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+//@ check-pass
+
+// Regression test for #155477. We previously didn't detect higher-ranked region
+// errors when checking whether types are equal in `rustc_const_eval::relate_types`, that
+// then caused us to trigger an assert that equal types have the same layout.
+
+use std::mem::transmute;
+
+type F1 = for<'a> fn(&'a ());
+type F2 = fn(&'static ());
+
+trait Trait {
+    type Assoc;
+}
+
+impl Trait for F1 {
+    type Assoc = i64;
+}
+#[expect(coherence_leak_check)]
+impl Trait for F2 {
+    type Assoc = [i32; 2];
+}
+
+struct Thing<T: Trait>(T::Assoc);
+
+const fn foo(x: Thing<F1>) -> Thing<F2> {
+    // This transmute is legal: The two types have the same size.
+    unsafe { transmute(x) }
+}
+
+fn main() {
+    const { foo(Thing(1i64)); }
+}