diff --git a/docs/markdown/Rust-module.md b/docs/markdown/Rust-module.md
index b68fc6574884..57e65b0f4d6b 100644
--- a/docs/markdown/Rust-module.md
+++ b/docs/markdown/Rust-module.md
@@ -143,6 +143,23 @@ were never turned on by Meson.
 bindgen_clang_arguments = ['--target', 'x86_64-linux-gnu']
 ```
 
+### compiler_target()
+
+*Since 1.11.0*
+
+```meson
+rustmod.compiler_target()
+rustmod.compiler_target(native: true)
+```
+
+Returns the Rust target triple (e.g. `x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu`) for the
+Rust compiler.  By default, or with `native: false`, this returns the
+target for the host machine.  If `native: true` is passed, it returns
+the target for the build machine instead.
+
+This is useful when converting build scripts to Meson, because it
+matches the value of Cargo's `TARGET` and `HOST` environment variables.
+
 ### proc_macro()
 
 ```meson
diff --git a/docs/markdown/snippets/rust_compiler_target.md b/docs/markdown/snippets/rust_compiler_target.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..b253932eb494
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/markdown/snippets/rust_compiler_target.md
@@ -0,0 +1,5 @@
+## `compiler_target()` method in the Rust module
+
+The Rust module has a `compiler_target()` method that can be useful
+when converting build scripts to Meson, because its return value
+matches the value of Cargo's `TARGET` and `HOST` environment variables.
diff --git a/mesonbuild/compilers/rust.py b/mesonbuild/compilers/rust.py
index a0db544e4e7e..d111eccf6a86 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/compilers/rust.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/compilers/rust.py
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@
 import typing as T
 
 from .. import options
-from ..mesonlib import EnvironmentException, MesonException, Popen_safe_logged, version_compare
+from ..mesonlib import EnvironmentException, MesonException, Popen_safe, Popen_safe_logged, version_compare
 from ..linkers.linkers import VisualStudioLikeLinkerMixin
 from ..options import OptionKey
 from .compilers import Compiler, CompileCheckMode, clike_debug_args, is_library
@@ -239,6 +239,20 @@ def get_cfgs(self) -> T.List[str]:
         p, stdo, stde = Popen_safe_logged(cmd)
         return stdo.splitlines()
 
+    @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
+    def get_target_triple(self) -> str:
+        # First check if --target is explicitly set in the compiler command
+        target = parse_target(self.get_exe_args())
+        if target:
+            return target
+        # Fall back to parsing the host triple from `rustc -vV`
+        cmd = self.get_exelist(ccache=False) + ['-vV']
+        p, stdo, stde = Popen_safe(cmd)
+        for line in stdo.splitlines():
+            if line.startswith('host:'):
+                return line.split(':', 1)[1].strip()
+        raise EnvironmentException('Could not determine Rust target triple')
+
     @functools.lru_cache(maxsize=None)
     def get_crt_static(self) -> bool:
         return 'target_feature="crt-static"' in self.get_cfgs()
diff --git a/mesonbuild/interpreter/kwargs.py b/mesonbuild/interpreter/kwargs.py
index f1efed1968b4..1ec46d10506a 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/interpreter/kwargs.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/interpreter/kwargs.py
@@ -23,6 +23,11 @@
 TestArgs = T.Union[str, File, build.Target, ExternalProgram]
 RustAbi = Literal['rust', 'c']
 
+class NativeKW(TypedDict):
+
+    native: MachineChoice
+
+
 class FuncAddProjectArgs(TypedDict):
 
     """Keyword Arguments for the add_*_arguments family of arguments.
diff --git a/mesonbuild/interpreter/mesonmain.py b/mesonbuild/interpreter/mesonmain.py
index edc21434557e..dafabcbcbca5 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/interpreter/mesonmain.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/interpreter/mesonmain.py
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
     from ..interpreterbase import TYPE_kwargs, TYPE_var
     from ..mesonlib import ExecutableSerialisation
     from .interpreter import Interpreter
+    from .kwargs import NativeKW
 
     class FuncOverrideDependency(TypedDict):
 
@@ -42,10 +43,6 @@ class AddInstallScriptKW(TypedDict):
         install_tag: str
         dry_run: bool
 
-    class NativeKW(TypedDict):
-
-        native: mesonlib.MachineChoice
-
     class AddDevenvKW(TypedDict):
         method: Literal['set', 'prepend', 'append']
         separator: str
diff --git a/mesonbuild/modules/rust.py b/mesonbuild/modules/rust.py
index 183b6fe5c11b..edbae3dedd77 100644
--- a/mesonbuild/modules/rust.py
+++ b/mesonbuild/modules/rust.py
@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@
 from ..dependencies import Dependency
 from ..interpreter.type_checking import (
     DEPENDENCIES_KW, LINK_WITH_KW, LINK_WHOLE_KW, SHARED_LIB_KWS, TEST_KWS, TEST_KWS_NO_ARGS,
-    OUTPUT_KW, INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES, SOURCES_VARARGS, NoneType, in_set_validator
+    OUTPUT_KW, INCLUDE_DIRECTORIES, SOURCES_VARARGS, NATIVE_KW, NoneType, in_set_validator,
 )
 from ..interpreterbase import ContainerTypeInfo, InterpreterException, KwargInfo, typed_kwargs, typed_pos_args, noKwargs, noPosargs, permittedKwargs
 from ..interpreter.interpreterobjects import Doctest
@@ -217,6 +217,7 @@ def __init__(self, interpreter: Interpreter) -> None:
             'test': self.test,
             'doctest': self.doctest,
             'bindgen': self.bindgen,
+            'compiler_target': self.compiler_target,
             'proc_macro': self.proc_macro,
             'workspace': self.workspace,
         })
@@ -612,6 +613,19 @@ def bindgen(self, state: ModuleState, args: T.List, kwargs: FuncBindgen) -> Modu
 
         return ModuleReturnValue(target, [target])
 
+    @FeatureNew('rust.compiler_target', '1.11.0')
+    @noPosargs
+    @typed_kwargs('rust.compiler_target', NATIVE_KW)
+    def compiler_target(self, state: ModuleState, args: T.List, kwargs: '_kwargs.NativeKW') -> str:
+        """Returns the Rust target triple for the specified machine's Rust compiler."""
+        for_machine = kwargs['native']
+        compilers = state._interpreter.coredata.compilers[for_machine]
+        if 'rust' in compilers:
+            rustc = T.cast('RustCompiler', compilers['rust'])
+            return rustc.get_target_triple()
+        else:
+            raise MesonException(f'No Rust compiler was requested for the {for_machine} machine')
+
     # Allow a limited set of kwargs, but still use the full set of typed_kwargs()
     # because it could be setting required default values.
     @FeatureNew('rust.proc_macro', '1.3.0')
diff --git a/test cases/rust/36 compiles/meson.build b/test cases/rust/36 compiles/meson.build
deleted file mode 100644
index efb916b335b6..000000000000
--- a/test cases/rust/36 compiles/meson.build	
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,13 +0,0 @@
-project('rust compiles', 'rust')
-
-rustc = meson.get_compiler('rust')
-
-# Test that compiles() works without and with a main function
-assert(rustc.compiles('pub fn foo() {}'), 'compiles() without main should work')
-assert(rustc.compiles('pub fn main() {}'), 'compiles() with main should work')
-
-# Test with a simple expression
-assert(rustc.compiles('pub fn bar() { let _x: i32 = 1; }'), 'compiles() with simple code should work')
-
-# Test that invalid code fails
-assert(not rustc.compiles('pub fn baz() { invalid_syntax }'), 'compiles() should fail on invalid code')
diff --git a/test cases/rust/36 probes/meson.build b/test cases/rust/36 probes/meson.build
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..436f324e6800
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test cases/rust/36 probes/meson.build	
@@ -0,0 +1,27 @@
+project('rust compiles', 'rust')
+
+rustc = meson.get_compiler('rust')
+
+# Test that compiles() works without and with a main function
+assert(rustc.compiles('pub fn foo() {}'), 'compiles() without main should work')
+assert(rustc.compiles('pub fn main() {}'), 'compiles() with main should work')
+
+# Test with a simple expression
+assert(rustc.compiles('pub fn bar() { let _x: i32 = 1; }'), 'compiles() with simple code should work')
+
+# Test that invalid code fails
+assert(not rustc.compiles('pub fn baz() { invalid_syntax }'), 'compiles() should fail on invalid code')
+
+
+rustmod = import('rust')
+
+cargo_target = rustmod.compiler_target()
+message('Host Rust target triple: ' + cargo_target)
+assert(cargo_target != '', 'compiler_target() should return a non-empty string')
+assert(cargo_target == rustmod.compiler_target(native: false), 'compiler_target(native: false) should match the default')
+assert(cargo_target.contains('-'), 'compiler_target() should return a triple containing dashes')
+
+cargo_host = rustmod.compiler_target(native: true)
+message('Build Rust target triple: ' + cargo_host)
+assert(cargo_host != '', 'compiler_target(native: true) should return a non-empty string')
+assert(cargo_host.contains('-'), 'compiler_target(native: true) should return a triple containing dashes')